Na suinocultura moderna, a busca de sistemas que promovam a qualidade e o bem-estar do meio ambiente é uma questão importante. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo avaliou os efeitos do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o desempenho e o comportamento de leitões. Em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, 32 leitões (7,43kg de peso médio), desmamados aos 28 dias de idade, foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos (controle sem enriquecimento, enriquecimento ambiental com cama de maravalha, enriquecimento com móbiles e cama + móbiles). Quatro repetições foram realizadas para cada tratamento, com dois animais por unidade experimental. A técnica de amostragem de varredura instantânea foi usada para registrar o comportamento de cada leitão, totalizando 20h. Os animais que receberam enriquecimento ambiental com cama + móbiles foram mais pesados aos 70 dias (P = 0,02), apresentaram maior ganho de peso total e diário (P = 0,04 e P = 0,02, respectivamente) e melhor conversão alimentar (P = 0,02). O enriquecimento ambiental aumentou a interação dos animais com o meio ambiente, o que lhes permite exibir comportamentos típicos.

In modern pig farming, the search for systems that promote environmental quality and welfare is an important issue. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on the performance and behavior of piglets. In a completely randomized block design, 32 piglets (7.43kg mean weight), weaned at 28 days of age, were distributed into four treatments (control without enrichment, environmental enrichment with wood shavings as bedding; environmental enrichment with hanging toys and environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys). Four repetitions were performed for each treatment, with two animals per experimental unit. The instant scan sampling technique was used to record the behavior of each piglet for 20h. Animals receiving environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys were heavier at 70 days (P=0.02), exhibited higher total and daily weight gain (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively) and better feed conversion (P=0.02). Environmental enrichment increased the interaction of animals with the environment, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors.

This paper presents the numerical analysis of the Nonlinear Subgrid Scale (NSGS) model for approximating singularly perturbed transport models. The NSGS is a free parameter subgrid stabilizing method that introduces an extra stability only onto the subgrid scales. Thisnew feature comes from the local control yielded by decomposing the velocity field into the resolved and unresolved scales. Such decomposition is determined by requiring the minimum of the kinetic energy associated to the unresolved scales and the satisfaction of the resolved scale model problem at element level. The developed method is robust for a wide scope of singularly perturbed problems. Here, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution, and provide an a priori error estimate. Convergence tests on two-dimensional examples are reported. Mathematical subject classification: Primary: 65N12; Secondary: 74S05.